Review
Open access
Sep 2026
CAF-mediated immune exclusion in osteosarcoma: mechanisms, translational vulnerabilities, and therapeutic strategies
Osteosarcoma remains a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited therapeutic progress in metastatic and treatment-refractory disease. Beyond tumor-intrinsic drivers, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical determinant of immune escape, therapeutic resistance, and poor clinical outcome. Among str...
Dong Yu, Jin Shi, S. Gros et al.
· Journal of Translational Med... · 0 citations