Procedure-specific effects of intravenous lidocaine in adult spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion has been proposed as an opioid-sparing analgesic adjunct in spine surgery, but previous meta-analyses pooled heterogeneous procedures and may have obscured procedure-specific treatment effects. We evaluated the analgesic and opioid-sparing effects o...