NBE-VLT-PFO: hybrid deep learning transformer architecture for joint estimation of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are utilized in electric vehicles (EVs), and accurate predictions of battery state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and remaining useful life (RUL) are needed to ensure reliability, security, and durability of these batteries. This study provides a hybrid deep learning (DL) system, termed a...