Development and validation of a pharmacokinetic tool to convert random topiramate concentrations to standardized trough levels in bipolar disorder
Background Topiramate is sometimes used in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), though off-label, warranting therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for safety. Guidelines recommend trough-level sampling (12–16h post-dose), but random levels are common, complicating interpretation. A tool to convert random topiramate concent...