Gerardine Immaculate Mary

Hybrid 1D CNN-BiLSTM with focal loss for robust intrusion detection in in-vehicle CAN networks

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as the primary communication framework in modern vehicles, enabling reliable data exchange among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) for seamless interaction. The CAN protocol lacks built-in protection, leaving in-vehicle networks vulnerable to cyberattacks such as denial-of-ser...