Early cancer identification is necessary to reduce mortality. Traditional methods for identifying cancers can be problematic. Tissue biopsies are invasive procedures, and immunoassays vary widely in their sensitivity while requiring complex laboratory instrumentation. Therefore, there is a need for portable, rapid, and noninvasive point-of-care stations. Phage-based biosensors have emerged as a means to satisfy the requirements for these types of tools. This article examines phage-based biosensors in three categories: electrochemical, optical, and acoustic. Electrochemical sensors utilize label-free (EIS, SWV) methodologies to achieve highly sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells and cancer biomarkers. Optical biosensors utilizing either quantum dots or liquid crystals can provide up to 20-fold greater sensitivity than ELISA tests. Acoustic biosensors utilizing piezoelectric resonators can deliver results rapidly (< 5 min) and portably. In addition, arrays of phage can be utilized in conjunction with deep learning technologies to facilitate early and noninvasive detection of lung cancer through breath analysis of volatile organic compounds. Additional advantages of using phage-based biosensors include: very high stability, low cost of production, genetically tailorability, and usability across different applications, which would provide viable alternatives to liquid biopsy as well as point-of-care testing techniques for early identification of cancers. While clinical validation and multiplexing are currently recognized as areas that require further refinement/development within this field, phage-based sensors have great potential for use in the early identification of disease.
Qamar Abuhassan, G. Oriquat, Subbulakshmi Ganesan et al.· Clinica chimica acta; intern...· 0 citations
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are among the progressive disorders of the nervous system that are characterized by the gradual destruction of neurons, the accumulation of misfolded proteins, and the limited effective therapeutic options. In recent years, numerous lines of evidence have emphasized the important role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the formation and progression of these diseases. These vesicles are membrane-bound nanoscale structures that are secreted by almost all cell types and play a role in cell-cell communication through the transfer of molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In neurodegenerative disorders, EVs can facilitate the transport and dissemination of disease-related proteins, including amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein, mutant huntingtin, SOD1, and TDP-43, thus contributing to the spread of pathological processes in different parts of the nervous system. On the other hand, the ability of these vesicles to cross the blood-brain barrier and reflect molecular changes occurring in the central nervous system makes them valuable candidates for the development of minimally invasive biomarkers. This review reviews the biogenesis, classification, isolation methods, and molecular content of EVs, and analyzes their role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of the most important neurodegenerative diseases. Also, the importance of EV-associated proteins, RNAs, and lipids as emerging diagnostic biomarkers, as well as the therapeutic potential of natural and engineered vesicles as drug delivery systems and regulators of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative processes, is discussed.
S. Mohammad, A. Vasudevan, G. Oriquat et al.· Behavioural Brain Research· 0 citations
Abstract Global food security faces escalating threats from biotic and abiotic stresses, driving the urgent need for innovative strategies to enhance plant resilience in agricultural systems. Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNMs) have emerged as a promising toolkit for sustainable agriculture due to their unique physicochemical properties. This systematic review comprehensively synthesizes and evaluates the current evidence from 23 studies on the role of GNMs in mitigating environmental stresses in plants. The findings demonstrate that GNMs, particularly functionalized derivatives like graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots, can significantly enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity. The mechanisms primarily involve augmenting the antioxidant defense system, protecting photosynthetic machinery, and modulating water and ion homeostasis. A limited but promising body of evidence also indicates that GNMs can induce systemic resistance against fungal pathogens. However, the effects are critically dependent on a triad of factors including nanomaterial type, application concentration, and the specific plant-stress context, with higher doses often inducing phytotoxicity. A major translational gap is identified, as the current research is predominantly confined to controlled environments. Therefore, while GNMs hold significant potential for climate-resilient agriculture, their safe and effective application necessitates meticulous dose optimization and a decisive shift toward long-term field validation studies and multi-location trials to account for geographic variability in environmental conditions, which is essential for regulatory approval.
Ghaleb A. Oriquat, Noor Mazin Basheer, Ahmed Aldulaimi et al.· Journal of plant nutrition· 0 citations
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