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Author

Ghazala Javed

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Open access Aug 2026

Distribution of temperament/mizāj among patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study

Knee osteoarthritis was found to be more prevalent among patients with Balghamī Mizāj and may therefore be considered a predominantly phlegmatic disorder (Marad-i-Balghamī) or a manifestation of phlegmatic distemperament (Sūʾ-e-Mizāj Balghamī).

Fouzia Farooq, Mir Idrees Hanief, Ghazala Javed et al. · 0 citations

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