Open access
Aug 2026
Distribution of temperament/mizāj among patients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
Knee osteoarthritis was found to be more prevalent among patients with Balghamī Mizāj and may therefore be considered a predominantly phlegmatic disorder (Marad-i-Balghamī) or a manifestation of phlegmatic distemperament (Sūʾ-e-Mizāj Balghamī).
Fouzia Farooq, Mir Idrees Hanief, Ghazala Javed et al.
· International Journal of Com... · 0 citations