Relationship of kinesiophobia with pain, disability, and lumbar multifidus muscle morphology in chronic mechanical low back pain: an ultrasonographic cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND Chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP) cannot be explained by biomechanical factors alone; psychosocial factors such as kinesiophobia may also relate to structural changes in trunk-stabilizing muscles. Ultrasonography enables objective assessment of lumbar multifidus morphology (anteroposterior [AP] thickn...