Open access
Aug 2026
Routine metabolic and nutrition-related composite indices for identifying adverse cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study
Background Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome provides an integrated framework for capturing the overlap of adiposity, metabolic dysfunction, kidney impairment, and cardiovascular risk. Whether low-cost composite biomarkers derived entirely from routine health examinations and brief questionnaires can ident...
Jing Lin, Guang-Re Xu, Fu-Li Chen et al.
· Frontiers in Nutrition · 0 citations