Open access
Aug 2026
HEPES: A Unique Case of Conformational Multi-Zwitterionic Polymorphism
HEPES (2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethane-1-sulfonic acid) is a widely used buffering agent in biological and biomedical research. Here, we reveal an exceptional solid-form landscape for HEPES. In addition to the two previously known polymorphs, we discover and characterize three new polymorphs and three new...
Amy Woods-Ryan, Amrita Chattopadhyay, G. Novelli et al.
· Crystal Growth & Design · 0 citations