Multi-objective optimisation of sustainable lubrication in end milling of AISI D2 aerospace die steel using hybrid GWO-CSA and NSGA-II
This study aims to investigate the end milling performance of AISI D2 die steel under different lubrication conditions to improve productivity, surface finish and tool life. A comparison between vegetable-based neem oil and ServoCut S mineral oil was conducted to identify a sustainable cutting fluid for machining h...