Nano-enhanced bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and cadmium using Helianthus annuus L. plants
The integrated application of nZVI particles and a microbial consortium was very effective in improving plant growth, mitigating Cd-accumulation in plants, confirming Cd-immobilization, and removing PHCs from soil, highlighting the potential of nano-enhanced bioremediation as a sustainable solution for the treatment and management of soil co-contaminated with inorganic and organic pollutants.