First comprehensive analysis of virulence-associated gene profiles and co-occurrence patterns of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from chickens in northern Vietnam
ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a major cause of colibacillosis in poultry, possesses diverse virulence-associated genes (VAGs) that contribute to extraintestinal pathogenicity. However, comprehensive information on VAG combinations and co-occurrence patterns among APEC isolates i...