In Malaysia, the degradation of water bodies due to rapid urbanisation, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste highlight the urgent need for continuous, efficient water quality monitoring. However, current manual-based sampling methods are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and insufficient for real-time assessment,...
N. A. Makin, A. Azahari, A. M. Firdaus et al.· Journal of Engineering and T...· 0 citations
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