Spatiotemporal dynamics and stability of wave energy resources for southern Vietnamese islands: A climate-scale assessment (1995–2025)
Offshore island and nearshore energy systems in southern Vietnam remain constrained by diesel dependence, fuel-logistics risks, and carbon emissions. This study applies a Delft3D-WAVE/SWAN framework forced by hourly ERA5 winds to quantify significant wave height (Hs), peak period (Tp), and finite-depth wave-power densi...