Peptide-functionalized magnetic nanobeads for EpCAM-targeted CTC isolation and immunotherapy efficacy evaluation in liver cancer.
Primary liver cancer lacks robust biomarkers for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Methods: We engineered peptide-functionalized magnetic nanobeads (Pep@MNPs) for high-efficiency, EpCAM-dependent capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This nanotechnology-based platform enabled a precise fluorescence quantitative system (cTP...