Hierarchy-dependent mechanical reinforcement in gelatin-whey protein composite hydrogels and high internal phase emulsions.
Protein composite hydrogels (PCHs) and high internal phase emulsion gels (HIPEs) are widely used as fat mimetics, yet their reinforcement mechanisms across hierarchical structures remain unclear. Here, gelatin (GEL)-whey protein isolate (WPI) composites were used to systematically compare the effects of thermal treatme...