Nanomedicine for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Disease Heterogeneity to Precision Therapy
Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening form of acute respiratory failure characterized by diffuse alveolar injury, severe hypoxemia, and high mortality. Despite advances in supportive care, effective pharmacological interventions remain limited owing to the complex pathophysiology of...