A novel TK/gE-deleted pseudorabies virus vaccine expressing CCL3L1 enhances humoral immunity by stimulating the dendritic cell-T follicular helper-germinal center axis.
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) remains a major threat to the swine industry, particularly due to the emergence of highly virulent PRV variants that have caused severe outbreaks in Asia in recent years. These emerging strains exhibit enhanced pathogenicity and immune evasion, resulting in insufficient protection by traditiona...