Harmanpreet Singh Sodhi

Reference Values for Caudal Vena Cava and Aortic Dimensions in Healthy Labrador Retriever Dogs Using Ultrasonography

Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of the caudal vena cava (CVC) and aorta (Ao) is a useful non-invasive approach for evaluating intravascular volume status, but breed-specific reference values are limited in dogs. Aim: This study aimed to establish CVC and Ao measurements in clinically healthy, haemodynamically...