Author

Hatem Oraby

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Open access Sep 2026

Dendritic hotspots support switching between competing rules without expanding the cortical engram

Adaptive behavior requires updating responses when contingencies change while preserving prior associations and the capacity to learn a new. How this trade-off is resolved remains unknown. Here, we combined in vivo imaging of apical tuft spines in the secondary motor cortex (M2) with biologically constrained network mo...

I. Pandi, Spyridon Chavlis, Hatem Oraby et al. · bioRxiv · 0 citations

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Programs-of-Layers in LLMs through the Lens of Cortical Areas

Inference in LLMs is conventionally a fixed-depth, fixed-order forward pass through every layer, regardless of how difficult the input is. The human brain does not work this way: using the thalamus as a central hub, it routes information flexibly to all regions of the cortex according to demand. Li et al. (2026) recent...

Justus Westerhoff, Stephan Olbrich, Hatem Oraby et al. · 1 citation