Synergistic optimization of CdS quantum dot-sensitized TiO2 electron transport layer and annealing conditions for enhanced efficiency in perovskite solar cells
The electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in facilitating charge transport and influencing the overall performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), owing to its favorable band alignment and chemical stability, remains the most commonly employed ETL. However, it suffers from limi...