Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) carries high ICU morbidity, sepsis lacks standardized therapies, and stage-variable natural killer (NK) cell function in SIRS remains poorly defined due to insufficient single-cell evidence. Herein, we analyzed public LPS-induced SIRS peripheral blood single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data (GSE212092) via multiple bioinformatic algorithms to dissect NK heterogeneity, followed by in vitro functional verification using NK-92 cells with IGF1 stimulation or IGF1R knockdown. We identified distinct cell types and 6 distinct NK subpopulations (C0-C5). Pro-inflammatory C0 and proliferative C2 IGF1R⁺ expanded in early SIRS, whereas stemness-high C3-C5 accumulated during late immunosuppression. MHC-I and CCL5-CCR1 dominated NK-related intercellular crosstalk, and unique transcription regulatory modules existed across NK subpopulations. Functional assays verified IGF1/IGF1R signaling dose-dependently promotes NK inflammatory cytokine release, cytotoxic gene expression, cell viability and target cell killing. These findings delineate dynamic NK subpopulation remodeling during SIRS and validate IGF1/IGF1R as a potential key pathway governing NK effector function, providing a transcriptomic basis for identifying candidate biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in SIRS.
Hong-Ling Jia, Hang Zhao, Yan Li et al.· Clinical and Experimental Me...· 0 citations
Melanoma remains challenging due to pronounced heterogeneity, early metastasis, and dynamic treatment resistance. Conventional tissue biopsy and imaging provide essential information but are limited by invasiveness, sampling bias, and an inability to capture longitudinal tumor-immune evolution. As endogenous bio-nanomaterials, small extracellular vesicles/exosomes circulate stably in body fluids and carry multi-omic cargo (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids), enabling minimally invasive liquid biopsy and real-time disease monitoring. Beyond diagnostics, engineered exosomal nanomaterials can be functionalized and loaded with therapeutic payloads to improve targeted delivery and support combination regimens, including immunotherapy. This review highlights mechanistic roles of exosomes in melanoma progression, summarizes key liquid-biopsy biomarkers (e.g., exosomal PD-L1 and EV-miRNA/protein signatures), and discusses translational barriers such as standardization, scalable manufacturing, safety, and clinical validation.
Li Li, Xin Zheng, Jingrui Shi et al.· Microstructures· 0 citations
This study identified UBE2C+ proliferative tumor cells as a functionally relevant malignant subpopulation in SCLC and links this state to immune-stromal communication networks within the tumor microenvironment and provides a systems-level framework for investigating the cancer-immunity regulome in SCLC.
Hong-Ling Jia, Yongxuan An, Bing Chen et al.· Frontiers in Immunology· 0 citations
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