ELITE RICE GERMPLASM RESOURCES: GENETIC VARIATION IN KEY AGRONOMIC TRAITS AND THEIR BREEDING UTILIZATION VALUE
The resources of rice germplasm are diverse in genetics and can provide the basis for new varieties. Systematically study the genetic diversity of yield, growth period and plant architecture traits in this paper to determine how distributed the phenotypic coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index and heritability are among various germplasm types and areas. Landraces have a relatively large number of different flag leaves and are generally taller than modern varieties, but they have fewer varieties of growth period and effective panicles. The coefficient of variation of empty grains is 89.75%, and the genetic diversity index for heading date is 2.069; thus, it is highly selected. More than 45% of the excellent haplotypes come from landraces, so traditional varieties need to be preserved and developed. There are three kinds of breeding and utilisation paths, in addition to direct application, parent selection and gene mining; in conjunction with pan-genomics and GWAS, a new model for precise characterisation and intelligent design breeding is being explored. This paper hopes to offer some references for the use and improvement of germplasm resources.