Critical thinking (CT) is a core competence that schools are expected to cultivate, yet whether it reaches classrooms depends on teachers’ readiness to teach it. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, we surveyed 312 primary English-as-a-foreign-language teachers in Shandong Province, China, across seven...
Zhen Qiang, Hong Yi, Zhuo Wang· Journal of Intelligence· 0 citations
Metacognition has informed research on second and foreign language (L2) learning for three decades, while AI tools have supported such learning for nearly as long. Yet, no review has examined how the field conceptualises and measures metacognition under AI mediation. This systematic review identified 60 eligible studie...
Hong Yi, Qiang Chen, Zhuo Wang· Journal of Intelligence· 0 citations
Cognitive load and foreign-language anxiety are often examined separately in second-language learning, although both may arise when limited processing resources are strained. This meta-analysis examined whether the two constructs covary and why their association matters for models of L2 performance. A PRISMA-guided rev...
Hong Yi, Wen-Qian Tang, Qiang Chen et al.· Journal of Intelligence· 0 citations
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