Structure-Guided CDR3 Insertion Enables Affinity Maturation of Naive Single-Domain Antibodies against Small-Molecule Haptens.
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) derived from naive phage display libraries offer a time-efficient alternative to animal immunization but often exhibit suboptimal affinity, particularly for small-molecule haptens, where restricted binding interfaces limit the efficacy of traditional saturation mutagenesis. For instance...