Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin which can be carried over into animal products and cause deterioration of livestock productivity when fed to livestock and wildlife. This review proposes a biomarker-guided framework for improving the early assessment of AFB1 exposure and toxicological responses in animal models. Oral exposure leads to the absorption of AFB1, which is bioactivated in the liver to the reactive AFB1-exo-8,9-epoxide that causes DNA and protein adduct formation, inflammation, mitochondrial apoptosis, and other effects. Cytochrome P450 activation and glutathione-dependent detoxification are in balance in determining susceptibility species, and this balance is different for poultry, pigs, ruminants, and rodents. In addition to traditional liver enzymes and histopathology, we highlight mechanistically informative biomarkers such as metabolites of aflatoxin, DNA and albumin adduct, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant indices, cytokines, apoptotic markers, as well as signals involved in the Nrf2/NFκB pathway. AFB1 also damages the integrity of the intestinal barrier, the maintenance of the intestinal gut microbiota, reproductive function, growth performance, and development, thus creating a gut–liver-systemic toxic cascade. Finally, an assessment of stage-targeted interventions such as aluminosilicate binders, adsorbents derived from yeast, probiotics and nano-enabled interventions is conducted as viable tools for the reduction in exposure and injury. This review offers targeted mitigation strategies for early diagnosis of aflatoxicosis in animal production systems based on a biomarker approach.
Raza Mohai Ud Din, Xin Zhang, S. Eman et al.· Toxins· 0 citations
The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has fundamentally transformed biological research, converting our understanding of cellular diversity from a purely conceptual idea into a quantifiable, applicable, and observable reality. Early efforts successfully created catalogs of cell types across diverse tissues and species, delivering an effective inventory of the components that make up complex animal systems. Yet the field now stands at a crossroads; rather than bringing clarity, the ever-growing number of cellular atlases threatens to flood and overwhelm it. In this review, we argue that the next evolution of scRNA-seq must integrate three essential pillars: temporal dynamics, spatial information, and evolutionary conservation. We have entered the era of predictive biology, moving beyond simple inventories to build dynamic, multispecies, spatially resolved comparative meta-atlases. This new approach seeks not only to understand the fundamental processes of development, physiology, and disease but also to predict cellular behaviors and their evolutionary trajectories, ultimately achieving a mechanistic understanding of life’s complexity.
Shahab Ur Rehman, Rahmat Ali, Hosameldeen Mohamed Husien et al.· DNA and Cell Biology· 0 citations
Simple Summary Moringa oleifera is a very fast growing tree with leaves rich in beneficial natural compounds. A simple extract from these leaves when added to the feed of cattle, goats and sheep provides several benefits. The animals gain weight and utilize feed better, and the dairy cows yield higher milk production with higher fat and protein levels, and fewer incidences of udder infection. Importantly, this natural supplement enhances the immune system of the animals so that they can remain healthier and with fewer medical treatments. The nutrient extract in the animals’ specially designed stomach (rumen) helps to restore a healthy balance of “good” microbes which ensure the breakdown of plant fiber, giving improved digestion and maintaining a balanced rumen environment. Concurrently, it lowers the amount of microbes producing methane—a powerful greenhouse gas that is linked to climate change. Overall, Moringa leaf extract is a promising and sustainable natural solution for modern agriculture, offering a potential approach for improving the growth, quality of milk, health of animals, and reducing harmful emissions from livestock.
M. Abdulrahman, Nasir A. Ibrahim, Mohamed Osman Abdalrahem Essa et al.· Veterinary Sciences· 0 citations
This research provides the first extensive breed‑pool whole‑genome sequencing (WGS) analysis across five Egyptian sheep populations, establishing a genomic atlas for the genetic architecture of production and adaptation in Egyptian sheep, providing a baseline for future genetic and conservation strategies.
Nada N A M Hassanine, Ali H. Amin, E. Hafez et al.· BMC Biotechnology· 0 citations
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