Open access
2026
A retrospective comparison of clinical outcomes between endoscopic and open nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate implant reconstruction versus breast-conserving surgery.
OBJECTIVES To compare perioperative outcomes, complications, aesthetic results, and patient-reported satisfaction among breast-conserving surgery (BCS), endoscopic nipple-sparing (ENS) mastectomy with immediate implant-based reconstruction, and open nipple-sparing (ONS) mastectomy, and to identify factors independently...
Jincheng Liu, Lingna Lu, Shuai Li et al.
· American journal of translat... · 0 citations