Nucleotides and β-glucan alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in intestinal fibroblasts of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in vitro through inhibiting Toll/NF-κB signaling pathways.
Intestinal inflammation severely restricts the healthy culture of grass carp. Although nucleotides (NT) and β-glucan (BG) exert immunoregulatory effects separately, their combined immunomodulatory mechanism in fish intestinal fibroblasts remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of N...