Soil acidification in apple orchards disrupts nitrogen (N) transformation and raises the risk of N loss. Using in situ 15N-urea microcosms in an acidified orchard (pH 4.46) in North China, we tested four treatments: N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (CK, control); N, P, K plus organic fertilizer (NPKM); N, P, K plus...