Global Burden and Forecasting of Musculoskeletal Disability Attributable to High BMI, 1990–2040: A GBD 2021 and Mendelian Randomization Study
Background Osteoarthritis (OA), low back pain (LBP), and gout contribute substantially to global disability. Although high body mass index (BMI) is an important modifiable risk factor for these conditions, its attributable burden, temporal patterns, and genetically supported associations have not been comprehensively e...