Plasma Levels of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Adverse Kidney Outcomes: Proteomics-Based Mediation Analysis and Mendelian Randomization.
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been implicated in adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes, highlighting its potential as a prognostic marker. However, its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) development remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association betwe...