Phytotoxic Impacts of Illegal Artisanal Refining on Soils in Bayelsa State: Evidence from Two Bio Indicator Crops
Illegal artisanal crude oil refining is a major source of soil contamination in the Niger Delta, particularly in Bayelsa State, where petroleum-derived pollutants severely threaten agricultural productivity and ecosystem integrity. In this study, the phytotoxicity of soils impacted by illegal artisanal refining using t...