I. Hwang

Simple presoaking modulates phytochemical recovery, antioxidant capacity, and macrophage responses of onion skin extracts

Onion skin is a phenolic-rich by-product, but practical preprocessing strategies for directing phytochemical recovery remain insufficiently defined. This study evaluated whether brief presoaking in water, 5% vinegar, 1% citric acid, a vinegar–citric acid mixture, or 0.3% H₂O₂ for 4–12 min altered subsequent methanol-re...