Iran José Oliveira da Silva

Welfare assessment in pasture-based and confined dairy farms in São Paulo State, Brazil: a descriptive multi-case study identifying health and hygiene constraints

Multidimensional on-farm assessment can identify welfare constraints that are not evident from production records alone, but protocols developed for housed cattle require careful interpretation when applied to pasture-based herds. This cross-sectional, descriptive multi-case study characterized dairy-cow welfare prof...