Open access
Oct 2026
Effect of localized thermal history on martensitic microstructure and microhardness variation in wire-arc additively manufactured 17–4 PH stainless steel beads
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables rapid and low-cost fabrication of large steel components. However, cumulative thermal history along a single bead can cause significant variations in microstructure and properties at fixed parameters, a concern for 17 − 4 PH stainless steel, whose martensitic transformatio...
Annayath Maqbool, Abul Fazal M. Arif, A. Qureshi et al.
· Scientific Reports · 0 citations