Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Doxorubicin-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Emerging Protective Strategies
Doxorubicin is an effective anthracycline used against solid and haematological malignancies, but dose-dependent multi-organ toxicity limits its clinical use. Oxidative stress is a major mechanism underlying this injury and produces measurable changes in redox biomarkers. This review synthesises evidence on mechanisms...