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Ivan Dobrovolskyi

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Preprint Jul 2026

Beyond Two Bytes per Letter: Tokenization Overhead in Cyrillic AI Systems

Modern multilingual tokenizers often fragment Ukrainian and other underrepresented Cyrillic-script languages more heavily than English, creating disparities in cost and context capacity. We quantify this overhead across nine production tokenizers and five languages with standardized Cyrillic and Latin representations,...

Ivan Dobrovolskyi · 0 citations