Phytochemical profiling and in vivo evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. in Wistar rats
ABSTRACT Inflammation and pain are key physiological responses to tissue injury and infection. Although NSAIDs and opioids are widely used for their treatment, prolonged use can cause severe side effects. Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) has long been employed in traditional medicine for its therapeutic benefits, yet its an...