J. Crandall

Machine-in-the-Tunnel: Practical Connection Inference, DNS Injection, and Defenses for Modern VPNs

According to 2025 statistics, approximately 33% of Internet users have used a VPN, and this number continues to grow. When a user connects to a typical VPN server, all of their traffic is tunneled through the server, which forwards the traffic on the user's behalf. This encrypted tunnel protects VPN users from a wide r...

An Empirical Study of Backend Infrastructure in Leading Pakistani Mobile Apps

Revisiting BAT Browsers: Protecting At-Risk Populations from Surveillance, Censorship, and Targeted Attacks

Examining Leading Pakistani Mobile Apps