Analysis of biological systems using bioimpedance spectroscopy: a critical review of technological convergence and translational challenges
A scoping review of recent advances in BIS, conducted under the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and analyzes 46 studies published between 2015 and 2025 that address BIS applications across biological systems finds the strongest evidence was identified in fluid management and hydration monitorin...