Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled and Sublingual Apomorphine for On‑Demand Treatment of OFF Episodes in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Exploratory Network Comparison.
OBJECTIVES OFF episodes are a major source of disability in Parkinson disease (PD). Noninjectable apomorphine formulations, including inhaled (INH) and sublingual (SL) delivery systems, provide rapid dopaminergic stimulation for on-demand symptom relief. However, their efficacy and safety remain incompletely characteri...