Morphological Heterogeneity of Large (Koos Grade 4) Vestibular Schwannomas: Surgical Consequences and Predictors of Facial Nerve Outcome
Background/Objectives: Microsurgery is the principal treatment for large vestibular schwannomas (VS) causing symptomatic brainstem compression. Koos grade 4 tumors remain anatomically heterogeneous. We evaluated surgical and functional outcomes and explored whether a study-specific subdivision, adapted from the Hannove...