A Graph-Augmented Spatio-Temporal Forecasting Framework with a Hybrid Coati–Osprey Synergistic Optimization Algorithm (COSOA) for Energy-Aware, Flood-Resilient Real-Time Control of Urban Drainage Networks under Rainfall Uncertainty
Decentralised and adaptive operation of urban drainage networks (UDNs) is increasingly required to contain pluvial flooding and pumping-energy costs under intensifying and uncertain rainfall. Existing UDN studies have largely addressed layout design or post-event leakage diagnosis in isolation, while the closed loop th...