JaafarAlsadeq Hasan

Smart nanoparticle vaccines integrate nanotechnology artificial intelligence and immunoengineering for precision immunization

The rise of multidrug-resistant microbes, rapidly evolving viruses, and recurring pandemics underscores the urgent need for advanced vaccine technologies. Nanoparticle-based vaccines have emerged as a transformative approach capable of overcoming the major shortcomings of traditional immunization methods. Their nanosca...