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Jennifer Igawa

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Conference Open access Aug 2026

University in English? Changes in Japanese Student Confidence and Interest

Japan is rapidly expanding English-medium instruction (EMI) and English-taught degree programs (ETPs), assuming high schools will produce students ready to learn academic content in English. Yet readiness for EMI depends on confidence in using English, not only proficiency. This study compared survey data from 3rd-year...

Jennifer Igawa · 0 citations

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