Reliability Value of Long-Duration Energy Storage against Extreme Events in High-Renewable Grids: A Full-Year AC-OPF Assessment
Long-duration energy storage (LDES) can mitigate prolonged renewable--load imbalances during Dunkelflaute events, but existing studies rely on zonal or linearized DC network models and inadequately analyze the operational feasibility of the grid across a wide range of full-year renewable, load, and contingency scenario...