Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Alcohol and tobacco in cancer: A unified framework of interaction across carcinogenic pathways and cancer types.
BACKGROUND Alcohol and tobacco are among the leading preventable causes of cancer worldwide and frequently co-occur. While both are well-established independent carcinogens, their combined effects remain insufficiently characterized and inconsistently interpreted across cancer types. OBJECTIVE This review synthesizes...
N. Bouajila, B. Srour, C. Barrault et al.
· Cancer Epidemiology · 0 citations