Jia-Ming Zhang

Freeze–Thaw-Induced Surface Crack and Pore Structure Evolution in Compacted Expansive Soil

Reliable characterization of freeze–thaw-induced structural change is essential for evaluating compacted soils used in cold-region engineering, where repeated freezing and thawing can alter both surface integrity and internal pore structure. This study combines digital imaging, quantitative crack analysis, and X-ray co...