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Jian-Hao Ma

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#small language model Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Shadow Weights: Quantization-Aware Training as Quantized-Endpoint Descent

An idealized model for the residual phase is proposed, which records where each shadow weight sits inside its quantization cell as a fraction of the cell width as a fraction of the cell width, which leads to a crossing law that determines which coordinates cross quantization boundaries after a shadow update.

Sheng-An Xu, Hanyang Li, Jian-Hao Ma et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Sep 2026

A Lower Bound for the Heavy-Ball Method on Smooth Convex Functions

Can the classical Heavy-Ball method, with arbitrary horizon-dependent parameters chosen in advance, achieve Nesterov's $O(T^{-2})$ last-iterate rate on every smooth convex objective? We provide a negative answer. For every horizon $T\ge2$ and every predetermined schedule with nonnegative step sizes and momenta in $[0,1)$, there exists a convex $1$-smooth objective, with initialization distance at most one and zero initial velocity, for which the last iterate of the Heavy-Ball method satisfies \[ f(x_T)-f^\star=\Omega\!\left(\frac{1}{T^\alpha\log T}\right), \qquad \alpha=\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2}. \] Thus even fully nonstationary, horizon-dependent tuning cannot give the classical Heavy-Ball method a Nesterov-rate guarantee on the smooth convex class.

Jian-Hao Ma, Jing-Zhao Zhang · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

A lower bound for stepsize-based acceleration of gradient descent

This work presents a new lower bound of $\Omega(T^{-1.9319})$ for the last-iterate convergence rate of gradient descent with predetermined nonnegative stepsize schedules, and provides rigorous evidence that stepsize schedules alone cannot accelerate plain GD to the optimal $O(T^{-2})$ convergence rate.

Jian-Hao Ma, Yuxin Chen · 7 citations · ⚡1

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